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　　2023年9月20日

　　1. 巴西、南非、印度和中國四國部長代表基礎(chǔ)四國集團(tuán)于2023年9月20日在紐約氣候雄心峰會期間舉行會議，各國部長一致認(rèn)為，應(yīng)對氣候變化挑戰(zhàn)必須在可持續(xù)發(fā)展和全球治理變革的背景下，堅(jiān)定地以《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》（以下簡稱《公約》）及其《京都議定書》和《巴黎協(xié)定》的目標(biāo)、原則和規(guī)定為基礎(chǔ)。會議由巴西環(huán)境與氣候變化部長瑪麗娜·席爾瓦女士主持，出席會議的有南非共和國森林、漁業(yè)和環(huán)境部部長芭芭拉·克里西女士、中國生態(tài)環(huán)境部副部長趙英民先生和印度常駐聯(lián)合國副代表拉溫德拉大使。

　　2. 部長們認(rèn)識到，氣候變化是我們所處時(shí)代最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一，應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)需要推進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，調(diào)動全人類的資源，解決國家內(nèi)部和國家之間的結(jié)構(gòu)性不平等，同時(shí)為向低碳和氣候韌性社會公正轉(zhuǎn)型鋪平道路。

　　3. 部長們深切關(guān)注單邊主義、貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義和國際合作支離破碎的趨勢有損信任，進(jìn)而危及富有雄心的氣候行動，承諾將加強(qiáng)和深化基礎(chǔ)四國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和聯(lián)合行動，旨在減少溫室氣體排放、提升適應(yīng)氣候變化、增強(qiáng)抵御氣候變化不利影響的韌性、促進(jìn)不受阻礙地技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓并增強(qiáng)科學(xué)的氣候知識，特別是通過在發(fā)展中國家創(chuàng)造本地價(jià)值和提升當(dāng)?shù)啬芰Α?

　　4. 部長們敦促國際社會團(tuán)結(jié)一致，共同站出來，攜手應(yīng)對氣候變化。他們指出，實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)（SDGs）必須成為國際社會的核心優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，因?yàn)?030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程提供了社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境的一攬子系統(tǒng)性長期解決方案，以應(yīng)對氣候變化的復(fù)雜性。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，社會經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)給發(fā)展中國家?guī)�來了系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，為實(shí)現(xiàn)《公約》最終目標(biāo)及其《巴黎協(xié)定》長期目標(biāo)，必須解決這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。他們呼吁全球團(tuán)結(jié)一致，確保沒有一個(gè)國家、地區(qū)或個(gè)人掉隊(duì)。他們重申，基礎(chǔ)四國愿為應(yīng)對氣候挑戰(zhàn)盡最大努力作出貢獻(xiàn)并與所有國家展開合作。

　　5. 為打破氣候行動的惰性，部長們同意通過增強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)四國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，為《公約》第28次締約方大會（COP28）到第30次締約方大會（COP30）和之后的基礎(chǔ)四國合作提出新的愿景，其中包括：一是加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)四國在國際氣候變化議程上協(xié)調(diào)，聚焦《公約》下多邊氣候制度；二是充分利用各國的科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)對話；三是拓展在實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展和項(xiàng)目上的聯(lián)合行動與合作。

　　6. 部長們強(qiáng)調(diào)，盡管在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇時(shí)期面臨著巨大的發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)和消除貧困的壓力，但基礎(chǔ)四國將繼續(xù)以身作則，在可持續(xù)發(fā)展要?jiǎng)?wù)背景下，展現(xiàn)其氣候行動最高雄心：

　　巴西在2023年重返國際議程，將應(yīng)對氣候變化作為巴西政府的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，同時(shí)努力消除饑餓、貧困和不平等。巴西堅(jiān)定地致力于加強(qiáng)多邊主義，在亞馬遜城市貝倫申辦COP30。同時(shí)，在現(xiàn)有最佳科學(xué)警示的緊迫感和嚴(yán)重性的推動下，巴西提出于2023年8月在貝倫舉辦亞馬遜峰會。貝倫宣言是有史以來第一份認(rèn)識到亞馬遜臨界點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的政治文件。自盧拉總統(tǒng)上任以來，巴西已作出“零毀林”承諾，同時(shí)重新啟動亞馬遜基金和“預(yù)防和控制亞馬遜合法森林砍伐行動計(jì)劃”（PPCDAm），以及氣候變化部際委員會（CIM），該委員會已決定更新巴西國家自主貢獻(xiàn)至最初于2015年提出的絕對水平。更新后的國家自主貢獻(xiàn)即，相較2005年，2025年國家減排目標(biāo)將前從37%提高至48%，在2030年前從50%提高至53%。2023年8月，巴西政府宣布了一項(xiàng)全經(jīng)濟(jì)范圍的“生態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)型計(jì)劃”，以鞏固巴西對未來經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、社會包容和環(huán)境保護(hù)愿景。新政府執(zhí)政的前八個(gè)月，巴西森林砍伐量減少了48%，僅此一項(xiàng)就避免了約2億噸碳排放。在致力于共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任和各自能力原則的同時(shí)，巴西也清楚地認(rèn)識到自己對最脆弱國家同樣負(fù)有不同的責(zé)任，并將充分履行自己的職責(zé)。

　　南非在努力應(yīng)對貧困、不平等和失業(yè)這三重挑戰(zhàn)背景下，以其《國家發(fā)展計(jì)劃》、公正轉(zhuǎn)型國家框架及針對氣候適應(yīng)和減緩的具體戰(zhàn)略、立法和法規(guī)為指導(dǎo)。南非正在制定一項(xiàng)全面的適應(yīng)投資計(jì)劃，以確定實(shí)施國家氣候變化適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略的優(yōu)先措施。南非已制定海洋和海岸適應(yīng)計(jì)劃，以及所有地方政府的適應(yīng)部門計(jì)劃及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和脆弱性評估。南非已完善公正能源轉(zhuǎn)型投資計(jì)劃（JET-IP），其議會正在最后敲定氣候變化法案。南非目前正在實(shí)施一系列減緩氣候變化的干預(yù)措施，推動實(shí)施其低排放發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，包括分配部門減排目標(biāo)。在政策改革和改善能源安全與獲取方面開展大量工作，并在擴(kuò)大可再生能源部署方面取得了進(jìn)展。JET-IP概述了實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳目標(biāo)所需的巨大投資規(guī)模和性質(zhì)。根據(jù)該計(jì)劃，南非在未來五年將需要約980億美元投資，以實(shí)現(xiàn)部分公正轉(zhuǎn)型及其國家自主貢獻(xiàn)中的雄心目標(biāo)。該計(jì)劃還包括投資本地綠色氫能和電動汽車生產(chǎn)及本地經(jīng)濟(jì)以提高技能和實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)多樣化。這一伙伴關(guān)系為向發(fā)展中國家公正轉(zhuǎn)型提供資金支持開發(fā)新的創(chuàng)新模式提供了機(jī)會。

　　印度展示了其多邊主義精神，呼吁二十國集團(tuán)國家采取建設(shè)性態(tài)度應(yīng)對氣候變化。印度還敦促，氣候行動的雄心必須與氣候資金和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓的行動相匹配。在向各國發(fā)出這一號召時(shí)，印度提出了“同一個(gè)地球、同一個(gè)家園、同一個(gè)未來”的愿景，旨在加強(qiáng)國際合作，共同應(yīng)對氣候變化等全球性挑戰(zhàn)。印度已經(jīng)超額完成了國家自主貢獻(xiàn)承諾之一，即40%的電力裝機(jī)容量來自非化石燃料，比承諾時(shí)間提前了近九年。印度正在按計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)其他國家自主貢獻(xiàn)目標(biāo)。印度目前正在實(shí)施“國家綠色氫能計(jì)劃”，目標(biāo)是到2030年實(shí)現(xiàn)年產(chǎn)量500萬噸。印度繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持，將溫升幅度維持在《巴黎協(xié)定》規(guī)定水平內(nèi)的全球碳預(yù)算是一種有限資源，所有締約方都應(yīng)公平獲取。由于發(fā)達(dá)國家對全球碳預(yù)算的使用超過了其公平份額，應(yīng)帶頭采取雄心勃勃的氣候行動，包括減排，并根據(jù)《公約》和《巴黎協(xié)定》規(guī)定，向發(fā)展中國家提供實(shí)施手段支持。

　　中國高度重視應(yīng)對氣候變化，制定了“1+N”政策體系，致力于積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和。2021年，中國的碳強(qiáng)度比2005年下降50.8%。中國優(yōu)先發(fā)展非化石能源。中國非化石能源發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量超過14億千瓦，占總裝機(jī)容量的51%以上。中國提供了全球50%的風(fēng)電設(shè)備和80%的太陽能發(fā)電設(shè)備，為降低全球可再生能源成本作出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。中國新能源汽車保有量超過1600萬輛，占全球一半以上。中國建立了全球覆蓋溫室氣體排放規(guī)模最大的碳市場。中國主動適應(yīng)氣候變化，采取多種措施增強(qiáng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳匯能力，森林覆蓋率和蓄積量連續(xù)30年保持“雙增長”。中國宣布將通過南南合作大力支持發(fā)展中國家綠色低碳發(fā)展，停止在海外新建燃煤發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，以實(shí)際行動應(yīng)對氣候變化。

　　7. 部長們強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)四國集團(tuán)對所有其他發(fā)展中國家的有力承諾和團(tuán)結(jié)立場，包括在“77國集團(tuán)和中國”下開展更緊密合作。他們重申對古巴作為“77國集團(tuán)和中國”輪值主席的支持，旨在加強(qiáng)集團(tuán)團(tuán)結(jié)，維護(hù)所有發(fā)展中國家的共同利益。

　　8. 部長們強(qiáng)調(diào)《公約》是應(yīng)對氣候變化主要多邊渠道。部長們承諾，基礎(chǔ)四國將全力支持巴西未來擔(dān)任將于2025年在亞馬遜地區(qū)帕拉州首府貝倫市舉行的COP30主席。他們還全力支持阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國擔(dān)任將于2023年11月30日至12月12日在迪拜舉行的COP28主席國。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，COP28首次全球盤點(diǎn)（GST）成果對于加強(qiáng)國際合作以及為各國以自主決定的方式更新和加強(qiáng)其國家自主貢獻(xiàn)提供信息至關(guān)重要。他們期待在2025年舉行的COP30上在《巴黎協(xié)定》下提交第二輪國家自主貢獻(xiàn)。他們承諾將共同努力，確保COP28到COP30的《公約》多邊進(jìn)程能夠?yàn)閳F(tuán)結(jié)國際社會、加強(qiáng)實(shí)施《公約》及其《巴黎協(xié)定》提供平臺。他們還強(qiáng)調(diào)COP28取得富有雄心、公平、務(wù)實(shí)、全面和平衡成果的重要性，包括首次全球盤點(diǎn)、運(yùn)行新的損失與損害基金、新的集體量化資金目標(biāo)討論取得進(jìn)展、通過強(qiáng)有力的全球適應(yīng)目標(biāo)框架、以及實(shí)施減緩雄心和實(shí)施工作方案，并通過公正轉(zhuǎn)型路徑的工作方案。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，COP28的各個(gè)方面都應(yīng)側(cè)重于通過加強(qiáng)實(shí)施手段來彌補(bǔ)實(shí)施的缺口。

　　9. 部長們強(qiáng)調(diào)了營造國際有利環(huán)境對于增強(qiáng)全球氣候行動的重要性，同時(shí)允許各國根據(jù)共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任及各自能力原則，考慮不同國情，提交反映其最高雄心的新一輪國家自主貢獻(xiàn)及展示相對此前國家自主貢獻(xiàn)的進(jìn)步。他們進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，全球金融架構(gòu)迫切需要全面轉(zhuǎn)型和現(xiàn)代化，包括對多邊開發(fā)銀行進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)改革，使其適合支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展、生態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)型和公正、公平轉(zhuǎn)型的目的。他們表示有必要解決對投資發(fā)展中國家投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避傾向，有必要優(yōu)先考慮贈款支持，有必要大幅降低所有發(fā)展中國家的資本成本，因?yàn)槟壳暗慕栀J成本和條件使得包括基礎(chǔ)四國在內(nèi)的世界大多數(shù)人口無法獲得多邊支持。

　　10. 部長們敦促發(fā)達(dá)國家遵守公平、共同但有區(qū)別的責(zé)任和各自能力的原則，擴(kuò)大提升自身氣候行動實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候中和且不再推遲，并向發(fā)展中國家提供新的、額外的、持續(xù)的、可預(yù)測的、充足的和及時(shí)的資金支持。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展中國家需要數(shù)萬億美元，優(yōu)惠貸款對于發(fā)展中國家疏解財(cái)政困境很重要。他們進(jìn)一步敦促發(fā)達(dá)國家履行其尚未兌現(xiàn)的氣候出資義務(wù)，包括實(shí)現(xiàn)到2020年每年緊急聯(lián)合調(diào)動1000億美元的目標(biāo)并延續(xù)至2025年，到2025年將其向發(fā)展中國家提供的用于適應(yīng)氣候變化的集體資金從2019年的水平至少翻倍，并盡早提出明確的路線圖，同時(shí)承諾一個(gè)新的集體量化目標(biāo)，該目標(biāo)應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)超過每年1000億美元的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并為損失和損害資金安排及基金提供資金。他們回顧相關(guān)報(bào)告指出，發(fā)展中國家每年需要數(shù)萬億美元用于減緩和適應(yīng)行動，而且由于不公平、掠奪性貿(mào)易條款及歷史和現(xiàn)行的非收益性原材料出口依賴等因素，預(yù)計(jì)每年有2萬億美元資金流出發(fā)展中國家，支撐了發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展。部長們還關(guān)切地注意到，近年來發(fā)達(dá)國家的化石燃料生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)大幅增加，并鼓勵(lì)發(fā)達(dá)國家加速率先逐步淘汰本國的化石燃料生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)。

　　11. 他們表示堅(jiān)決反對變相限制國際貿(mào)易的單邊、強(qiáng)制性措施，并呼吁所有合作伙伴為努力尋求合作解決方案和伙伴關(guān)系，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易準(zhǔn)入。部長們認(rèn)可發(fā)達(dá)國家在其國內(nèi)為脫碳所作出的努力和取得的部分成果。然而，他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，在國際上，發(fā)達(dá)國家有選擇性的、不充分的、通常無效的行動損害了信心，進(jìn)而使科學(xué)脫碳集體行動的速度和規(guī)模受到損害，這向我們指出更大承諾和有效執(zhí)行的必要性。他們強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們需要突破已有成果，以取得必要的成果。

　　12. 基礎(chǔ)四國部長們決心在所有國家之間建立信任，承諾擴(kuò)大、深化和多樣化各國的共同努力，推動強(qiáng)化全球治理體系并提升其有效性，以加強(qiáng)《公約》及其《京都議定書》和《巴黎協(xié)定》下既有的原則和目標(biāo)的實(shí)施。他們表示將堅(jiān)定致力于營造一個(gè)有利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的國際環(huán)境，這將有助于包容的、公平的全球決策進(jìn)程，有效代表人類的集體智慧和發(fā)展意愿，以實(shí)現(xiàn)共同繁榮。

　　BASIC Ministerial joint statement on Climate Change

　　20 September 2023

　　1. Ministers of Brazil, South Africa, India and China, representing the BASIC Group, met on 20 September 2023 at the margins of the Climate Ambition Summit, in New York, united by their shared vision that the fight against climate change must be firmly based on the goals, principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), its Kyoto Protocol and its Paris Agreement, in the context of sustainable development and the transformation of global governance. The meeting was chaired by H.E. Ms. Marina Silva, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of Brazil, and attended by H.E. Ms. Barbara Creecy, Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment of South Africa; H.E. Mr. Zhao Yingmin, Vice-Minister of Ecology and Environment of China; and Ambassador R. Ravindra, Deputy Permanent Representative of Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations.

　　2. Ministers recognized that climate change represents one of the greatest challenges of our time and that addressing it requires progress towards sustainable development and the mobilization of all of humanity’s resources to tackle structural inequalities within and among countries, while paving the way for just transitions towards low-carbon and climate resilient societies. 

　　3. Deeply concerned that trends towards unilateralism, trade protectionism and fragmentation of international cooperation jeopardizes trust and, consequently, ambitious climate action, the Ministers pledged to strengthen and deepen BASIC leadership and joint work in actions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving adaptation and resilience to the adverse effects of climate change, promoting unhindered technology transfer, and enhancing scientific climate knowledge, in particular through the creation of local value and the development of local capabilities in developing countries. 

　　4. Ministers urged the international community to come together in a united front to combat climate change. They noted that achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) must be the central priority for the international community, as the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development provides the systemic and long-term set of social, economic and environmental solutions that the complexity of climate change requires. They underscored that  socioeconomic challenges pose systemic risks for developing countries, which must be addressed  for  achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC and the long-term goals of its Paris Agreement. They called for global solidarity in ensuring that no country, place nor individual is left behind. They reiterated that BASIC is willing and ready to genuinely contribute its best effort and cooperate with all countries in addressing the climate challenge. 

　　5. To break inertia in climate action, Ministers agreed to strengthening BASIC leadership, by launching a new vision on cooperation among BASIC from COP28 to COP30 and beyond that encompasses: firstly, enhancing BASIC coordination on the international climate change agenda, with a focus on the multilateral climate regime under UNFCCC; secondly, leveraging their countries scientific and academic dialogue; and, thirdly, expanding joint action and cooperation on sustainable development implementation and projects. 

　　6. Ministers highlighted that despite the enormous developmental challenges and pressures of poverty eradication at a time of global economic downturn and economic recovery, the BASIC countries continue to lead by example and will demonstrate their highest ambition on climate action, in the context of their overarching sustainable development imperatives:

　　Brazilis back on the international agenda in 2023, raising the fight against climate change as a priority for the Brazilian government, alongside efforts to combat hunger, poverty and inequality. Deeply committed to strengthening multilateralism, Brazil has offered to host the 30th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP30) in the Amazonian city of Belém. Also driven by the sense of urgency and gravity that the best available science warns us to, Brazil has offered to host the Amazon Summit, also in Belém, in August 2023. The "Belém Declaration" is the first ever political document to recognize the risk of the Amazon's tipping-point. Since President Lula took office, Brazil has committed itself to "zero deforestation," while relaunching the Amazon Fund and the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm), as well as the Inter-ministerial Committee on Climate Change (CIM), which has decided to adjust Brazil's NDC to the absolute levels originally presented in 2015. Brazil's adjusted NDC will enhance the country's emissions reduction ambition from 37% to 48% by 2025, compared to 2005, and from 50% to 53% by 2030. In August 2023, the Brazilian government announced an economy-wide "Ecological Transformation Plan," which consolidates the country's vision for a future of economic growth, with social inclusion and environmental preservation. In the first eight months of the new government, deforestation fell by 48%, which means that this alone has prevented around 200 million tons of carbon from being emitted. While committed to the principle of CBDR-RC, Brazil is also clear about its equally differentiated responsibility towards the most vulnerable countries, and will stand up fully to its responsibilities.

　　South Africais guided by its National Development Plan, in the context of efforts to address the triple challenges of poverty, inequality and unemployment, as well as by its national framework on Just Transition and specific strategies, legislation and regulations addressing climate adaptation and mitigation. South Africa is undertaking the development of a comprehensive Adaptation Investment Plan to identify priority measures for the implementation of its National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy. A dedicated oceans and coast adaptation plan has been developed, as well as an Adaptation sectoral plan and risk and vulnerability assessment of all district municipalities. The Just Energy Transition Investment Plan (JET-IP) has been refined and parliament is finalising its climate change bill. South Africa is currently implementing a number of climate change mitigation interventions to facilitate implementation of its Low Emission Development Strategy, including the allocation of sectoral emissions reduction targets. Intensive work is underway on policy reforms and improving energy security and access, with progress towards larger-scale deployment of renewable energy. The JET-IP outlines the enormous scale and nature of investments needed to achieve decarbonisation goals. According to the plan, South Africa will need the investment of approximately US$98 billion over the next five years to enable part of the just transition and achieve the ambitious targets it has set out in its NDC.   It also includes investment in local production of green hydrogen and electric vehicles, and investing in local economies to develop skills and enable economic diversification.  This partnership presents an opportunity to develop a new and innovative model for financial support for just transitions in developing countries.

　　Indiadisplayed its spirit of multilateralism by calling upon G-20 nations to adopt a constructive attitude to fight climate change. India also urged that ambition for climate action must be matched with actions on climate finance and transfer of technology. This clarion call to nations was made with a vision of ‘One Earth, One Family, One Future’ to foster stronger international cooperation in combating common global challenges such as climate change. India has overachieved one of its NDC commitments by already meeting 40% of its installed power capacity from non-fossil fuel based sources almost nine years ahead of its committed time. India is on track to achieve other NDC goals. India is now implementing the National Green Hydrogen Mission, with the target is to reach an annual production of 5 MMT by 2030. India continues to insist that global carbon budget for maintaining the temperature increase within levels mandated by the Paris Agreement is a finite resource to which all Parties should have equitable access. Since developed countries have used more than their fair share of the global carbon budget, they should take lead in undertaking ambitious climate actions, including mitigation of emissions, and provide means of implementation support to developing countries as mandated under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement.

　　Chinaattaches great importance to addressing climate change, has formulated the 1+N policies and is committed to working actively and prudently toward the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. China’s carbon intensity in 2021 was 50.8 percent less than that in 2005. China gives priority to the development of non-fossil energy. The total installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation in China exceeded 1.4 billion kilowatts, counting for more than 51% of the total installed capacity amount. China provides 50% of the world's wind power equipment and 80% of the world's solar power generation equipment, making outstanding contributions to the reduction of global renewable energy costs. China has more than 16 million new-energy vehicles, counting for more than half of the worldwide amount. China launched the largest carbon market covering greenhouse gas emissions in the world. China has proactively adapted to climate change and has taken various measures to build up the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems, and achieved “double growth” in forest coverage and stock for the past 30 years. China has announced that it will strongly support the green and low-carbon development in developing countries by south-south cooperation and will stop building new coal-fired power projects overseas, demonstrating its concrete actions in response to climate change.

　　7. Ministers confirmed BASIC’s strong commitment and solidarity to all other developing countries, including by working closer together within the Group of 77 and China (G77+China). They reiterated their support for Cuba, as the current Chair of the G77+China, with a view to strengthening the unity of the group and advancing the common interests of all developing countries.

　　8. Ministers highlighted that the UNFCCC is the principal multilateral body for addressing  climate change. Ministers pledged BASIC’s strong support to Brazil’s prospective presidency of COP30, in 2025, in the Amazon city of Belém do Pará. They also fully supported the United Arab Emirates Presidency of COP28, which will take place in Dubai, from 30 November to 12 December 2023. They underscored that the outcome of the first Global Stocktake (GST) at COP28 will be crucial to reinforce international cooperation and inform countries in updating and enhancing, in a nationally determined manner, their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). They look forward to presenting their second NDCs to the Paris Agreement by 2025, when COP30 will be held. They committed to working together to ensure that the UNFCCC multilateral process from COP28 to COP30 provides a platform to unite the international community around enhancing the implementation of the Convention and its Paris Agreement. They also underscored the importance of COP28 delivering an ambitious, equitable, pragmatic, comprehensive and balanced outcome, including  the first GST, the operationalization of the new Loss and Damage Fund, progress on the deliberations on the New Collective Quantified Finance Goal, the adoption of a robust framework for the Global Goal on Adaptation, as well as the implementation of the Mitigation Ambition and Implementation Work Programme (MWP) and the adoption of the Work Programme on Just Transition Pathways. They highlighted all dimensions of COP28 should focus on addressing implementation gaps through enhanced means of implementation.

　　9. Ministers underscored the critical importance of creating an international enabling environment for unlocking enhanced global climate action, whilst empowering countries to present their most ambitious next round of NDCs and to demonstrate progression relative to their earlier  NDCs, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in the light of different national circumstances. They further underscored the urgent need for a fundamental transformation and modernization of the global financial architecture, including a systematic reform of the multilateral development banks to make them fit-for-purpose in supporting sustainable development, ecological transformation, and just and equitable transitions. They recalled the necessity of addressing risk aversion in investing in developing countries, of prioritizing grant support, and of dramatically lowering the cost of capital in all developing countries, as current cost and conditionality on borrowing money makes multilateral support out of reach of the majority of the world’s population, including in BASIC countries.

　　10. Ministers urged developed countries to abide by the principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities and to scale up climate actions for them to reach climate neutrality without further delay and provide new and additional, sustained, predictable, adequate and timely finance to developing countries. They recalled that needs of developing countries are in trillions of USD, and concessional finance is crucial to avoid fiscal distress among developing countries. They further urged developed countries to honor their unfulfilled climate finance obligations, including delivering on the goal of jointly mobilizing USD 100 billion per year urgently by 2020 and through to 2025, at least doubling their collective provision of climate finance for adaptation to developing countries from 2019 levels by 2025, and putting forward a clear roadmap as early as possible, whilst committing to a new collective quantified goal that goes well beyond the floor of USD 100 billion per year and providing finance for the Loss and Damage funding arrangements and Fund. They recall the reports showing that trillions of USD are needed annually by developing countries for mitigation and adaptation actions and that an estimated two trillion dollars flow out of developing countries to feed development in the developed countries each year, due to factors such as unfair and exploitative terms of trade and historical and current dependency on the export of un-beneficiated raw materials. The Ministers also noted with concern that there has been a significant increase in the production and consumption of fossil fuels by developed countries in recent years, and encouraged them to take the lead in phasing-out their own fossil fuel production and consumption, in an accelerated manner. 

　　11. Ministers expressed their strong rejection of unilateral and coercive measures that constitute a disguised restriction on international trade, and called on all partners to strive for cooperative solutions and partnerships for stimulating the production and trade access for sustainable goods and services. Ministers recognized existing efforts and partial results towards decarbonization by developed countries at the domestic level. They underscored, nevertheless, that at the international level selective, insufficient, and often ineffective action by developed countries has undermined confidence and, consequently, speed and scale in collective action for the decarbonization recommended by science, which points out to all of us the need for greater commitments and effective implementation. They highlighted we need to break the inertia of the results already obtained in order to leverage the results that are necessary.

　　12. Determined to building trust among all countries, BASIC Ministers committed to broadening, deepening and diversifying their joint efforts towards a strengthened and effective global governance for the implementation of the principles and goals enshrined under the UNFCCC, its Kyoto Protocol and its Paris Agreement. They expressed their firm commitment to contributing to an international environment that is conducive to sustainable development and to inclusive and equitable global decision-making processes that are effectively representative of humanity’s collective intelligence and development aspirations, with a view to shared prosperity.